Data Analysis Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Information Analysis Project - Assignment Example Moreover, the investigation applied a chi-square test to examine the connection between the responsibility for vehicle and the meeting of an outside office other than the SU offices. The outcomes show that there are no connections between sexual orientation and practicing once per week, and cigarette smoking and sex. Also, the outcomes indicated that there are generous instances of relationship among sex and the kind of activity, sex and the recurrence of working out, being a part or not of an athletic group and the rating just as fulfillment of members utilizing the SU offices. Significant inconsistencies in the outcomes show that, in spite of the fact that sexual orientation decides the sort of activity picked, there are no significant connections between the recurrence of participation and the decision of going to practice meetings once every week. The estimation instrument for this examination is a survey including 6 inquiries for this segment of the investigation which looks to dissect the information on practice propensities and it relates one variable with another. The informational index considered three kinds of inquiry types involving different and shut finished inquiries. For the different decision questions, the members were relied upon to choose any of the appropriate responses that suit them best. For the shut finished inquiries, just answers, for example, ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ were permitted as this would make some portion of the numerical information examination. Through the portrayal of results as ‘yes’ or ‘no’, numerically this can be introduced sensibly as 1s and 0s for each ‘yes’ and ‘no’ separately. For this situation, questions that require ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answers gave the free factors that different things on the v ariable rundown relied upon. For example, the survey expects members to show their sex. For this situation, every male case is signified as a 1 and each female member is demonstrated as a 0. In this

She Touched the Little Box in Her Pocket and Smiled

She contacted the little box in her pocket and smiled†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Anne was playing all by her self of course. No one tried to play with her, for she was poor, so nobody thought about her inventive character. Anne was utilized to it. she was wandering around the school alone, when she got seeing something sparkling. She raced to it-it was a little brilliant box with certain carvings on it. She got it, attempting to envision what there was inside†¦.. an outsider? Perhaps some money†¦ or chocolates?Or better still†¦ a minuscule outsider which would develop and develop and start to eat individuals! Anne put the crate into her pocket. She chose to stay discreet to herself; to open the school afterschool. after an exhausting history exercise, the last chime rang. Anne surged home and secured herself her rom. She took out the crate. She was hesitant to open it ,however. Consider the possibility that it had a bomb in it. She at long last called all her boldness to open it wh en she was upset b a delicate thump on her entryway. It was her mom. Anne please come and lay the table for tea, on the grounds that I’m tired and my head feels hot, â€Å" she said Anne moaned and figured it would not have any kind of effect in the event that she didn't do it. They needed more to purchase food, in any case, so it was simply scones and tea. She was anxious to open her case. In any case, she went down and laid the table, and hung tight for her dad, a poor tailor, to return home. At the point when he came, he plunked down quickly, depleted from strolling. He opened his paper and started tasting his tea. An adornments case, having a place with Mr. bricklayer, containing a jewel ring, was lost on her way home. Whoever returns it will get a reward,† he read so anyone might hear Anne opened the case that night. The following day, Anne went to class skipping. Her class needed to compose papers. She picked the point â€Å"if I were a millionaire† to com pose on. Different kids snickered at it. â€Å"you? A tycoon? † they asked She contacted the little box I her pocket and grinned. It was Mr. Mason’s gems case with the ring inside

By the numbers

By the numbers There are certaintraits, shall we say, that are generally indicative of true MIT students. They’re the things that aren’t necessarily true of all MIT students, but are certainly not true of people anywhere else that I know of. They’re the kind of thing that serve as a dead giveaway that the person you’re talking to has been fully and wholeheartedly immersed in the MIT culture. I am certainly a full-blooded MIT student, and one of those traits is speaking without words. You’ve all heard the rumors- at MIT, everything is given a number. Classes, buildings, treesno joke. But I think the fact that we can name any precise location on campus in under 6 digits (usually 5) is pretty distinctive. Here’s how the numbering system works: the number before the dash gives the building number. The first number after the dash gives the floor in the building, and the numbers after that specify the room. So 54-100 is building 54, first floor, room 00. Simple enough. But only a true MIT student would know that 16-2 and 8-2 don’t exactly line up, or that most floors of 11 are awkwardly hidden, or that 13 and 54 rooms go into the sixth digit, or that the dome is 10-5 through 10-8, that 32 has sides D and G and God help you if you don’t know which one you’re on or which you’re going to (as is often the case, for me anyway), that 68 is the only building on main campus to run at a non-right angle to all the rest, that 66 is the 30-60-90 triangle, that 18 appears to stand alone but is really connected underground through 56 and 14 or that sub-2 always smells funny. And only a true MIT student would answer the way I did just the other day to the question, “Do you know where the Lewis Music Library is?” by promptly spitting out “14!” as if that more accurately indicated its location than the full name. The looks I got following that proclamation sorely tempted me to amend my statement, in case those in my company didn’t know where 14 was. “You know, 14. Right between 2 and 50. Doesn’t everyone know this stuff?”

Contraceptives and Misconceptions Essay - 1219 Words

Contraceptives and Misconceptions There are many serious issues facing the U.S. today that require the rethinking of our problem-solving methods. In many situations, we may let our emotions interfere with our interpretations of the facts. When a question of morals is involved, we often focus on what we want and not on what weve got. One of the most complicated and emotional issues today is the subject of making contraceptives available to teenagers. Can it be that adult misconceptions are causing teenage conceptions? The statistics on teen sex are staggering. According to Mrs. Seth, spokesperson for Planned Parenthood, Eighty-five percent of high school students, by the time they reach the twelfth grade, are†¦show more content†¦If children dont have sex, they dont need protection. If they do have sex, pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases shouldnt be a price they have to pay for the attitudes of adults who dont approve. Unfortunately, teenagers can and do have sex without parental approval. The truth becomes apparent when a teen becomes a parent. Parents try to be aware of what their children are doing; however, it is a misconception to think that sexual activity can be controlled at all times. Our society, not biology, declares that teens are not supposed to engage in sex. Teenagers are designed by nature to have sex, are possessed of all the necessary equipment to do so, and have the mental capabilities to hide such behavior from adults. The sex drive is not caused by teachers, contraceptives, or the media. Although well-meant, the notion that parental warnings can make sex less appealing is arrogant and foolish. Teenagers are having sex without permission, and the goal must be to minimize the damage, not look for someone to blame. As adults struggle with controlling the actions of their children, they should protect them at the same time. If children are forbidden to have sex, it is unlikely that they will discuss sexual problems with the very person who told them it is not permissible. There must be options av ailable to them, such as sex educationShow MoreRelatedThe Topic Of Birth Control1428 Words   |  6 Pagesof any practices, methods, or devices to prevent pregnancy. The method may or may not be reversible or irreversible depending on the method.† By reversing birth control, I mean being able to get pregnant at a later time of being off of certain contraceptive methods. There are many different types of birth control for women to use. Some may have a preference of being able to stop the birth control at any given minute, and some may want to stay on the method for months to years at a time. There areRead MoreSexual Behavior And The Reproductive Health Of Adolescents1221 Words   |  5 Pagesunintended teen pregnancies, there needs to be a transition into contraceptive education at an earlier age. There are many threats that are posed with ineffective education regarding contraceptives and fertility control. For global health to be attained; younger generations need to be educated about where they can get contraceptive options, it is a necessity for low income areas to be informed about access to reduced contraceptive costs due to ObamaCare, and male education needs to be consideredRead MoreMargaret Sanger s Margaret Louise Sanger1131 Words   |  5 PagesSanger† 2007). After a long life of nursing and advocating, Margaret died in Tucson, Arizona on September 6, 1966. Margaret Sanger devoted her life to make contraceptives and abortions available and legal for all women. Margaret was raised Catholic, and as per tradition of nearly all churches until 1930, and law of the United States, contraceptives were unavailable. As a result, many women sought cheap, unsafe abortions which often lead to deaths. As a nurse, Margaret began taking care of these womenRead MoreImproving Access For Voluntary Family Planning1365 Words   |  6 Pagesgains, governments and their development partners should consider strengthening efforts and looking for new ways to increase the uptake and quality of family planning services. To this effect, the main program approaches that led to increases in contraceptive use included development approaches and supply-side interventions. This attention to rigor of family planning evaluations will increase accountability, improve program decision making, and in the end, improve maternal and infant health outcomesRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Teens And Children1477 Words   |  6 Pagesnation’s children. Media is spewing misleading information to the minds of our teens and children; abstinence is no longer being pursued. Sexual intercourse is more common now than it was decades ago. Our teens need to be taught the truth of these misconceptions and myths, because we are in a new era where drugs and sex are looked upon as child’s play. We need to teach young students of the perilous penalties of pursuing a sexually active lifestyle, as media claims to do so. Following a sexually activeRead MoreBirth Control Controversy1359 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefits for prescription contraceptives and devices. A personal survey of 50 adults with varying types of insurance plans, asked if their health insurance plans provided coverage for birth control, Viagra, or abortion. Everyone surveyed maintain that his plan provides coverage for Viagra, a sexual enhancement drug, and abortion. The same survey showed that 26% of the insurance plans do not provide benefits for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved prescription contraceptives or devices for theRead MoreThe Issue Of Abortion During World War II2323 Words   |  10 Pagesimport of contraceptives was halted as well because Ceausescu believed that increasing the number of babies born in Romania during his rule meant more Socialist citizens. While this was true, abortion did not become obsolete during his regime. In fact, abortions were still performed at alarming rates. When the Soviet Union fell and Ceausescu was no longer in power, abortion and contraception use were legalized. Despite the increase in availability, legalization of abortion and contraceptives after theRead MoreTeen Pregnancy947 Words   |  4 Pagesworldwide are among young people aged 15 to 24. Some 500,000 become infected daily (excluding HIV). Two in five new HIV infections globally occur in young people aged 15 to 24. Surveys from 40 countries show that more than half their young people have misconceptions about how HIV is transmitted. Married adolescent girls generally are unable to negotiate condom use or to refuse sexual relations. They are often married to older men with more sexual experience, which puts them at risk of contracting STIs, includingRead MoreThe Debate For Comprehensive Sex Education1212 Words   |  5 Pagesthe efficiency of these programs, and as new forms of sexual health education appear. These new programs teach that abstinence is the best method for avoiding sexually transmitted diseases and unintended pregnancy, but also teaches about using contraceptives to reduce the risks of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, and/or the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. These programs also teach interpersonal skills to allow students to explore their inner selves. Not surprisingly, it is comprehensive sexRead MoreCultural And Religious Perspective On Womens Reproductive Health And Motherhood1288 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States. In many cultures, the role of a woman is childbearing and motherhood and some women may feel inadequate and worthless if they have not produced a child. Others simply may not have access or have religious barriers in obtaining contraceptives to prevent unwanted pregnancies. These issues and beliefs are evident among the Latino, African, and Middle Eastern cultures and religions, and it is having a negative health impact on the women and is producing poor health care outcomes. Women

An Effective Mentor For Entrepreneurship Development Programs

Literature Review Veesam Chandra Reddy (2016), Who Can Be an Effective Mentor For Entrepreneurship Development Programs? Many initiatives like ‘Start-up India-Stand up India’, ‘Make in India’, ‘National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship’, ‘Digital India’ are being undertaken by the Government of India to foster the entrepreneurial spirit in the nation. Many educational and other institutes are designing and providing entrepreneurship development programs to cultivate entrepreneurship culture in students and individuals. But many of these programs do not understand the basic differences between entrepreneurship education and a typical business education. As an effect of this, many of the programs are failing to showcase the†¦show more content†¦Alan (2016) Nations built on innovation, entrepreneurship, and production are able to dominate the world economy. However, risk taking has traditionally been discouraged in developing n ations. The uncertainty and financial insecurity associated with entrepreneurial activities are the greatest barriers that budding entrepreneurs need to overcome in order to transition into successful entrepreneurs. This challenge needs substantial effort and steady support from society. Easy access to information, mentorship, and a network of venture capitalists and angel investors also play critical roles in promoting entrepreneurial activities. Research-inspired entrepreneurial initiatives are expected to play a key role in facilitating India’s economic growth in the coming years. Shrotryia Vijay Kumar, (2016) Start-up India action plan: provisions and prospects, The Action Plan is having detailed scheme of things and addresses the issues relating to obstacles which generally entrepreneurs have been facing. The bureaucratic hassles, problems in raising finances, and availability of networks to reach out to the customers have affected the conversion of idea into reality for many new starters. The fight between big and small, old and new has also been one of the deterrents to start a newShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Goals And Customer Expectations1475 Words   |  6 PagesThere are six (6) competencies that every result driven employee must obtain in order to meet organizational goals and customer expectations. They are: accountability, customer service, decisiveness, entrepreneurship, problem solving and technical credibility. Accountability is one’s ability to hold her and other accountable for noticeable supremacy, profitable results in a timely matt er. To be successful at accountability one must set priorities, establish objectives, delegate work, admit when oneRead MoreCompassionate Leadership : Compassionate Leader1688 Words   |  7 Pagesand the maturation of creative ideas within a work setting. Compassion is an extraordinary personality trait for leaders, particularly when it’s rooted in authenticity, authority, and availability. Within an organization, workers can only be as effective as those who lead them. If employees are asked to blindly follow the leadership of an arrogant or abusive individual who has little regard for personal well-being or interests, then employees will begin to imitate that indifference. Employees careRead MoreFaculty Professionalism, Respect, And Trust1359 Words   |  6 PagesProgram Director of Music at Dawson Community College Dr. Deb Eastwood Faculty Professionalism, Respect, and Trust - Why I am interested? I believe that as a faculty member I am here to promote and encourage our students as well as the faculty. When we are professional, we earn the respect and trust of our colleagues. Respect as a faculty member is demonstrated when we help each other meet our professional goals. This may be through providing teaching lecture materials, texts, assignment copiesRead MoreComparing The Silicon Valley And Berlin Startup Scene943 Words   |  4 Pagesits conventional past. Originally Germany was a nation founded in the economic viability of perfecting and improving the technology and services of their predecessors. For much of their economic history, this policy has proved to be extremely cost effective, as Germany has quickly risen to the top of the European Union with a steady and contained growth rate. However with the mounting rise of globalization, Germany has begun to find itself at an economic crossroads of sorts, as their methods of layeredRead MoreThe Brotherhood Crusade Youth Se rvice Center1329 Words   |  6 Pagesvisit at the Brotherhood Crusade Youth Source Center. Brotherhood Crusade Youth Service Center is located at 4401 Crenshaw Boulevard in Los Angeles, California. It is a non-profit community based facility with many components. Programs they provide are Youth Development, Financial Literacy, Business Enrichment and Sports. According to their website, the mission of Brotherhood Crusade is to remove and/or help individuals overcome the barriers that deter their pursuit of success in life and facilitateRead MoreMy Passion For Medical Entrepreneurship By Random Assignment Essay854 Words   |  4 Pagesfound my passion for medical entrepreneurship by random assignment. I was a senior bioengineer at Rice University listening to pitches for capstone design projects when I first met my mentor, Dr. Mehdi Razavi. He exuded an energy quite different from that of the bookish academics and polished corporate professionals that had been pitching their ideas up until that point. He showed up in green scrubs, no white coat, Starbucks coffee in hand, and simply introduced himself as Mehdi, omitting theRead MoreAn Introduction to the Competing Values Framework1091 Words   |  5 Pagesorientation with a focus on differentiation, competition, and rivalry. For example, some organizations and managers are viewed as effective if they have harmonious internal relationships and processes. Others are judged to be effective At the University of Michigan, the Competing Values Framework is used to organize an approach to leadership and management development. Individual leadership competencies, for example, are developed and improved in the context of the organization’s culture, its strategicRead MoreMGC1 Principles Of ManagementCourse Of StudyThis5770 Words   |  24 Pagestotal quality, entrepreneurship, conflict and change, human resource management, diversity, and organizational structure. All of these topics are descriptive of the working environment managers must learn to oversee. Regardless of how the business environment changes, organizations always need effective managers to ensure that strategic objectives are met. Once you complete this course, you will have demonstrated a level of competence that you can immediately use to become an effective manager in yourRead MoreSocial Entrepreneurship : A Social Entrepreneur1929 Words   |  8 PagesSocial entrepreneurship is a new term that has increased in usage over the last twenty years. I can remember being a child and hearing individual’s talk about becoming an entrepreneur nothing related to becoming a social entrepreneur. When conducting research on this topic I found two names that were a reoccurrence in who developed the term social entrepreneurship and they are Vinoba Bhave who founded India’s Land Gift Movement and the second being Robert Owen who founded cooperative movement, FlorenceRead MoreSocial Entrepreneurship2389 Words   |  10 PagesWhat is social entrepreneurship? The animation is made to explain the concept of social entrepreneurship to the general public and raise awareness of the importance of this type of business.... Social entrepreneurship  is the attempt to draw upon business techniques to find solutions to social problems.This concept may be applied to a variety of organizations with different sizes, aims, and beliefs. Conventional  entrepreneurs  typically measure performance in profit and return, but social entrepreneurs

Weight Of A Nation Consequences Free Essays

In order to see proper as made the problem needs to be addressed and programs created to benefit the lifestyle f Americans. It was very interesting for me to see how much of an impact the Bugaboos He art Study has had on our nation. It was the only study of its kind that was able to monitor or obesity from young children into their adulthood lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Weight Of A Nation Consequences or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of the statistics that shocked me were: children who are obese are eight times more likely to have heart disease as a n adult 77 percent of children who were obese remained obese as an adult h of society are able to maintain a healthy weight people who come from a lower socioeconomic status have higher obesity rat sees obesity increases asthma rates by 52 percent limited play space for children affects their overall health As I took the time to really think about obesity and what is means to America thought a lot about my family. Growing up we didn’t have the greatest socio anomic status. There were always challenges and struggles. As a result there are members w ho struggle with obesity within my family. I can look further back and can see the results of o exist generations in the past. This video really helped me to understand the many consequence s that occur due to obesity. Live that access to fast food just killing lifestyle in our nation. T here was a quote that really liked from the video. Order to make a change, it has to be a co and nation outreach for change. † I couldn’t agree more. In order to be able to see a change think that it needs to be targeted not only in communities but as a nation. Very go d video that opened my eyes to the reality of obesity. How to cite Weight Of A Nation Consequences, Papers

Strengthen Communication With Your Company - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Strengthen Communication With Your Company? Answer: Introduction Westpac banking corporation is a financial services firm based out of Australia and is considered as one of the big four banks of the country. Westpac has five divisions that service over 13 million customers throughout the world. These five divisions include consumer bank, business bank, BT financial group, Westpac institutional bank and Westpac New Zealand (Westpac, 2017). Corporate communications in the art of communicating internally as well as externally by the firm to its various stakeholders with an aim to create a positive brand value, increase transparency and ensure a continued flow of information. This essay would be throwing light upon various communication strategies followed by Westpac group. Internal communications Internal communications are an integral part of any organization. Like many aspects of business management, stellar communication predominantly forms the backbone of the firm (Forbes, 2014). Internally it is important that different employees, different departments, different hierarchical positions interact with one another with a common aim of the success of the firm and transparent flow of information. Strategies followed by Westpac group to make their internal communication more effective are video simulcasts, group events, recurring meetings, team lunches, internal newsletters and open door policy. External communications External communication refers to communications of the organization with stakeholders outside of the organization. The purpose of external communications is primarily marketing and creating brand awareness. Westpac follows various strategies to ensure that the efficiency of their external communication: Media relations Media relations refer to the relationships that an organization builds with journalists in order to communicate to its stakeholders outside the organization. Westpac invests heavily on its media relations. The purpose of this relationship is to promote the brands newsworthy message to the mass audience. Their website transparently displays all the coverage the firm has yet received in various newspapers, news agencies and journalistic interviews (Westpac, 2017). It is essential for any firm to establish fruitful relationships with journalists as they eventually create the brand perception. Public relations and Events Public relations refer to the firms relationships that help communicating with the general public and individuals at large. These publics can be consumers, clients, government agencies, investors, charities, suppliers and even the media. Public relations takes into account how a company is perceived by the public at large. Social Media Social media platforms are an upcoming and efficient leading communication agents. Social media is an effective two way communication tool which helps companies start a conversation with its customers. Westpac is actively engaging with its customers on twitter and Facebook. Westpac also involves its customer chat experts on Facebook chats and help individuals gain clarity on their financial queries (CMO, 2012). Annual report and annual stake holders meeting A companys annual report and the minutes of its annual stakeholder meeting are released to the general public every year in order to make the consumer aware of the brands performance. This creates trust, transparency and an open flow of information. Stakeholders from any field are allowed to attend this meeting and can throw questions at the companys representatives and gain insights on the companys performance. Their annual report is published on the website and helps Westpac in communicating its performance to its stakeholders (Westpac, 2017). Awards and Accolades Westpac registers itself for various awards and accolades organization by reputed firms like Reuters, Bloomberg, and Dow Jones etc. As on today, Westpac is the most sustainable bank globally according to Dow Jones. This was the 16th year in a row where Westpac won such an acclamation. These awards help in creating a brand image in the eyes of its consumers and other clients. This helps in gaining customers and building trust among existing clients. Email marketing Email marketing is done by Westpac to target a specific segment of market. Immense research goes behind profiling of the individuals who receive these emails at large. This mostly helps the firm introduce new schemes and offers. Usually email marketing helps financial firms as their products are complicated in nature and require detailed information which is difficult to achieve in a television advertisement. However, consumers must be aware of the authenticity of the mail and not fall for spams. To assist its customers, Westpac event released a list of ghost sites that mimic its online banking page (Communication government of Australia, 2013). Chatbots Westpac recently completed a multimillion dollar update of its customer service platform by introducing Chatbots that converse with clients, take their queries and solve their queries without any human intervention. This upgrade would mean that the bank can now handle an estimated 65 million customer interactions each year. Public perception Public perception of Westpac is primarily positive except for a few roadblocks on its way. It has achieved the title of being a part of the big four Australian brands. The wide customer base of over 13 million customers shows that people trust the bank. However, recent scandals and accusations on the bank for interest rate manipulation has hurt the brand image (Sky news, 2016). In a Finance sector union better banking survey conducted last year, 42% respondents said that Westpacs service in unsatisfactory. The bank is currently putting more and more efforts in changing that image by efficient use of marketing strategies. References CMO, 2014, Social is a great way to start conversations, https://www.cmo.com.au/article/547846/westpac_customer_marketing_chief_social_great_way_start_conversations/, viewed on 18 September, 2017. Communications Government of Australia, 2013, Westpac customers targeted again using phishing emails, https://www.communications.gov.au/what-we-do/internet/stay-smart-online/alert-service/westpac-customers-targeted-again-phishing-emails, viewed on 18 September, 2017. Financial Review, 2017, Westpac looks to bots after customer service upgrades, https://www.afr.com/technology/westpac-looks-to-bots-after-customer-service-upgrade-20170604-gwk977, viewed on 18 September, 2017. Forbes, 2016, Strategies to strengthen communication within your company, https://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chuckcohn/2014/10/24/strategies-to-strengthen-communication-within-your-company/refURL=referrer=#5d1c7926b153, viewed on 18 September, 2017. Sky news, 2016, Westpac public trust hit by scandals, https://www.skynews.com.au/news/top-stories/2016/04/06/westpac-public-trust-hit-by-scandals.html, viewed on 18 September, 2017. Westpac, 2017, Media Releases, https://www.westpac.com.au/about-westpac/media/media-releases/, viewed on 18 September, 2017. Westpac, 2017, The groups five key divisions, https://www.westpac.com.au/about-westpac/westpac-group/company-overview/about-us/, viewed on 18 September, 2017. Westpac, 2017, Westpac ranked worlds most sustainable bank, https://www.westpac.com.au/about-westpac/media/media-releases/2016/8-sept/, viewed on 18 September, 2017.

Ethics in Action

Web Content Management Systems Essays

Web Content Management Systems Essays Web Content Management Systems Essay Web Content Management Systems Essay Essay Topic: Web Web content management system requires an administrator and/or web developer to set up and add features but mainly the editing and management part can be handled by a non-technical person. Features Web content management systems typically have the following features; Automated Templates: Standard output templates can be created and applied to change the design of the entire web page can be changed centrally. Access Control: Some of the web content management systems allow the content manager to manage access rights to certain groups or users, ? Access rights can be provided or certain pages can be blocked for specific user groups Access right can also be managed to allow or block access for ‘logged on’ or ‘anynonumous users’ Scalable Expansion: WCMS’ provide the capability to expand a single implementation (one installation on one server) to various domains. Work flow management: Workflow is the process of creating cycles of sequential and parallel ta sks that must be accomplished in the CMS. For example, one or many content creators can submit a story, but it is not published until the copy editor cleans it up and the editor-in-chief approves it.Collaboration: WCMS allows many people to collaborate on a single web page. Many authorized content writers can work on one document or web page simultaneously, these changes can be authorized to make them permanent or denied to revert to the original document. Document management: CMS software may provide a means of collaboratively managing the life cycle of a document from initial creation time, through revisions, publication, archive, and document destruction. Content virtualization:CMS software may provide a means of allowing each user to work within a virtual copy of the entire web site, document set, and/or code base. This enables changes to multiple interdependent resources to be viewed and/or executed in-context prior to submission. Content syndication: Content management systems help in content distribution by the likes of RSS feeds, emails can also be sent out to registered users in case the content is updated. Multilingual support: The content can be displayed in multiple languages.Versioning: Like many document management system, versioning can be done on the web content as well. Authorized content editors can pick up writing from a point in the article already published. This feature is very useful in contents that require regular updating. Types of content management systems There are three types of content management systems: ? ? ? Online CMS Offline CMS Hybrid CMS Online CMS: The online content management systems are capable of displaying content on demand when a user visits the web page. E. g. certain template can be applied to the webpage from the web cache when a user is visiting the web page. Offline CMS: These are sometimes referred to as â€Å"static-site generators†, here instead of displaying the content on-demand, the content process ing is done before publishing. Since pre-processing tools don’t require a server to display content on-demand. Offline CMS can also exist purely as a design time tool. Hybrid CMS: These content management systems write executable content, in which CMS itself doesn’t have to be deployed on a server but server similar functionality of the online CMS.Most popular content management systems ? ? ? ? ? WordPress Joomla ModX Text pattern Refinery CMS ? ? ? ? ? Drupal Concrete 5 Dotnet nuke Umbraco Tiny CMS Advantages of CMS Cost effective With a content management system, a web page can be maintained for a fraction of a price of hiring a web developer. Easy customization The web page can be easily customized without coding. Most WCMS provide a GUI using which the content can be customized using user friendly features such

The more advances that are made in Medicine, the more things stay the Scholarship Essay

The more advances that are made in Medicine, the more things stay the same. Discuss - Scholarship Essay Example The likely development of resistance or tolerance compromises the successful application of therapeutic from the first day of usage. This applies to agents in the treatment of fugal, bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections in addition to the treatment of chronic ailments including diabetes and cancer among many more. Furthermore, it is true to diseases caused by living things among them animals, human beings, plants, insects, and fish. Fifty years after the discovery of infectious agents, the discovery and application of antibiotics provided an immediate solution to one of the main diseases that wiped communities (Correll, 2001, p. 1708). They took a major step in revolutionizing medicine in various perspectives. Doctors saved millions of lives since then to date. The discovery of antibiotics became a turning point in the history of humanity. Sadly, continued use of antibiotics resulted into the development of resistance resulting in the appearance of strains resistant to drugs. Experts in the medical profession now send a warning that the world would easily return to the ear before the discovery of antibiotics. Reports from the World Health Organization show that at present, there are more than twenty thousand genes with the capacity to resistant treatment. Scholars refer to these genes as the r genes. The more than twenty thousand genes are in more than four hundred different types. Health experts have the capac ity to predict the genome impacts (Deutsch, 2007, p. 121). The good side of it is that there are few of such functional resistance within pathogens. Over the past sixty years academicians have delved into writing literature that describes the biochemistry and genetics of origins, various ways of antibiotic resistance, and evolution. Form of action, antibiotic discovery, as well as perspectives of resistance continue to produce productive topics for research in the

Employee relations and engagement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Employee relations and engagement - Assignment Example The company has incorporated and added new forms of amusement in order to attract the new generation of visitors to the park. The company is seen to employ about 250 people and amongst them 200 are members of the union and have collective bargaining rights. The company management and the union sit down for negotiations each year and decide on the demand that they approve upon from both sides of the table. The following page discusses the negotiation process between the management and employee of the organization on different lines and issues. The objective of with which we went into the management in this negotiation is to ensure that the demands of the employees in the form of increase in salary should not be accepted. We found that the union will place a demand for increase in the no. of holidays. This cannot be allowed. On the part of the demands to be placed by our part as management, we would like to place the condition of retrenchment of some of the employees. We would also place the point that we will indulge in the career development or the skill training of the employees of the organization (Mehta, 2009). We think it to be necessary on our side to negotiate and try to establish the above points as because our company has been finding it difficult to make profit since the last six years. An amusement park has opened in the 10 mile radius of our company in the past 6 years and has taken a share of the market and the visitors. This has resulted in the fact that our company has been able to just breakeven in the las t 4 years and made a loss for the first time in the last year. Due to the increased competition and loss of market share it has become necessary for our company to introduce new entertainment machinery which is called the wow factor. To maintain the market share and profitability it is required that our company should invest in new technology, games and training facilities for the

Strategic Analysis of Manchester United

Strategic Analysis of Manchester United The Football Industry The Barclays Premier League The aim of this report is to undertake a detailed strategic analysis of the Manchester United F.C. with regard to its resource capability and competitive positioning, the organisations strategic fit with its environment and its management style with an emphasis on the cultural context of its strategy together (stakeholder expectations). To this end the mission, vision, goals and strategies of the Club will be taken into consideration while strategically evaluating and interpreting its management at business (competitive advantage) and functional (customer value) level. A variety of strategic analysis tools are going to be used in order to wholly evaluate both internal and external implications on the environment the Club operates within. These will primarily include SWOT and PEST analysis, Porters four corners analysis, and Value chain analysis. Market Environment Analysis Brief analysis of the market English football, and the FA Premier League (FAPL) in particular, is today a bigger business than it has ever been, generating record revenues both within its stadia and through the rising value of its broadcast rights. The game is on TV in more countries than ever before and watched by an increasing number of passionate fans all around the world. Despite the rising cost of attendance, football grounds are as full as they have ever been and FAPL matchday revenues have doubled in just eight years. But broadcast rights fees are expected soon to account for a majority share of income and younger consumers appear not to be inheriting the club ties that older fans were born into. Mintels research shows that footballs appeal to brands lies in its continued ability to reach mass mainstream audiences rather than in the value of its core audience, which is largely apathetic towards sponsors and their products (over half of fans claim not to pay attention to who sponsors what, while just 16% say the brand that sponsors their club matters to them). Football is well insulated against recession by the multi-year nature of its media and commercial agreements and by the fact that up to half of all seats are paid for before a ball is kicked through season ticket sales. However, the experience of the 1980s recession (where between 1978 and 1984 average attendances in the top flight collapsed from over 28,000 to under 19,000) shows that attendance is vulnerable in a downturn, so that matchday revenues in the 2009/10 season could be at risk. Barclays Premier League Roles and Objectives The mission of the Premier League is to effectively Manage, continually improve and be regarded as the worlds best league football competition and in this way Generate increased commercial value, using the resulting revenues to further enhance competitions and strengthen the long-term future of the Premier League and its clubs. Other objectives include: Increasing interest in the Leagues competitions, promote accessibility to live games and ensure that media exposure is used to optimum effect. Useing the Leagues power and influence responsibly to improve the game in the UK and abroad through partnership with the FA, UEFA and other bodies. Createing a quality of competition that provides a platform from which our member clubs can achieve unparalleled success in European or World competitions (source: Barclays Premier League official website). Relationship with the clubs The Premier League is owned by 20 Shareholders the member clubs, whose membership in the league is dependent on the performance of their football team in the Barclays Premier League. Another co-owner of The Premier League is the Football Association. While they have the right of veto in special occasions as the appointment of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, they are not involved in the decision making process regarding any other area of the Premier League work. The statutory company responsibilities are managed by the Board of Directors who are also running the day to day business. Relationship with other football bodies The Barclays Premier League is widely regarded as the most elite club competition in world football. The Premier League comes under the jurisdiction of the Football Association (the FA) and must submit its rules on yearly basis for approval. Along with its British partners in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, the FA comes under the control of the European governing body the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). Formed in 1954 and based in Geneva, UEFA works and acts on behalf of the member associations to promote football and ensure its well-being on the continent. The organisation is responsible for many high-profile competitions, some involving national teams such as the prestigious European Championships. UEFAs premier club competitions are the European Champions League and the UEFA Cup, in which Premier League clubs aspire to compete and succeed on a yearly basis. The FA and the 50 other associations of UEFA are all affiliated with the worlds governing body the Federation of International Football Associations, or FIFA. It was formed in 1904 and is now one of the biggest sports organisations worldwide striving to safeguard the good image of the game internationally and it is responsible for the Laws of the Game. FIFA can also boast the World Cup as its prized asset the ultimate stage on which a professional footballer can perform and a tournament which captures the imagination of the entire planet (source: Barclays Premier League official website). Manchester United Club Profile Manchester United plc operates as a professional football club in the United Kingdom. Its subsidiaries are Manchester United Football Club, Manchester United Catering (Agency Company), and Manchester United Interactive. In addition, the company through a joint venture with Manchester United PLC, Granada, and British Sky Broadcasting, operates MUTV, the companys official channel. The company owns 33.3 per cent in MUTV. Since the late 1990s, the club has been one of the richest in the world with the highest revenue of any football club, and is currently ranked as the richest and most valuable club in any sport, with an estimated value of around  £1.136billion as of April 2009. Manchester United was a founding member of the now defunct G-14 group of Europes leading football clubs, and its replacement, the European Club Association. (Source:Forbes.com) Manchester United are the most successfulPremier League club having won the title10 times With a start in 1993 when manager Sir Alex Ferguson ended a 26-year wait to lift thePremier League crown. Manchester United Strategic Analysis For the purposes of this report is will be assumed that Strategic Analysis fits within the descriptions below: the process of conducting research on the business environment within which an organisation operates and on the organisation itself, in order to formulate strategy. BNET Business Dictionary a theoretically informed understanding of the environment in which an organisation is operating, together with an understanding of the organisations interaction with its environment in order to improve organisational efficiency and effectiveness by increasing the organisations capacity to deploy and redeploy its resources intelligently. Professor Les Worrall, Wolverhampton Business School The market environment comprises a combination of the Barclays Premier League industry itself and the wider macro environment in which Manchester United F.C. operates. In addition, it highlights the market environments and critic success factors. The unique resources of Manchester United and the core competences of the Club are outlined in the analysis described below. SWOT Analysis In order to conduct a comprehensive market environment analysis and evaluate the conditions in the market environment that Manchester United F.C. occupies, a brief introduction of the Barclays Premier League and Manchester United F.C., summarizing the key aspects in a SWOT analysis Which will be the first step towards implementing a range of analytical tools (fig.1) The SWOT Analysis is the most popular instrument utilized in strategic planning and organizational problem solving. PEST analysis The purpose of the PEST analysis below is to briefly outline the political and legal, economic, sociocultural and technological issues together with their implications on the performance of The Club, hence describing the external environment within Manchester United operates (fig 2) Porters four corners analysis The four corners analysis is a useful tool for analysing competitors as it emphasises that the objective of competitive analysis should always be on generating insights into the future. In this case the model is used to develop a profile of the likely strategy changes a competitor might make and how successful it might be and determine competitors probable reaction to the range of industry shifts and environmental changes that may occur (Fig. 3) Quite straightforward, the competitors future strategy stems from the competitors motivation to exceed or overperform another Club and sets a variety of objectives pr actions to be completed with the implementation of their prospective strategy. However, these objectives should reflect on the Clubs capabilities as well as the skills of the individual players and staff at senior management level. Here it is essential to develop a clear assumption on what creates value for a specific team as well as what are the relationships and networks the respective business has developed. For instance, Manchester United is one of the most successful teams in the history of football resulting in average attendance higher than any other team in the UK and extremely high brand consciousness (fig. 4). This means that together with the Clubs financial stability, strength of the senior management team and proven ability to serve a variety of channels Manchester United PLC is well on the way of creating and implementing in a sustainable way a winning strategy. Value chain analysis Further to the description above, value chain analysis is based on the principle that organisations exist to create value for their customers. Furtermore it is a comprehensive technique for analysing an organisations source of competitive advantage. In the analysis, the organisations activities are divided into separate sets of activities that add value. The organisation can more effectively evaluate its internal capabilities by identifying and examining each of these activities. Each value adding activity is considered to be a source of competitive advantage. For Manchester United these include Manchester United Football Club, Manchester United Catering (Agency Company), and Manchester United Interactive, the joint venture with Manchester United PLC, Granada, and British Sky Broadcasting, that operates MUTV. These are run on the basis of primary and support activities, as Primary activities are those that physically create a product, as well as market the product, deliver the produc t to the customer and provide after-sales support and Support activities are those that facilitate the primary activities. Crucial for the organisation is the process of identifying the activities that are critical to customers satisfaction and market success, such as creating competitiove advantage in competitions, hence the ticket sales and merchandising activity regarded to the process. Strategic fit Analysis The foremost field of research that is required to be taken into account is the whole new product development and research concerning Manchester Uniteds existing product selection. This is required to be examined principally as if Manchester United requires guaranteeing that they are doing well in their present market prior to going into a new market. At first, Manchester United will require investigating into their existing product selection, however, with such broad variety of products, it is vital for Manchester United to assess which of their products are perforating well in the market. Conclusion Manchester United is in a very competitive spot at present Currently ranked as the richest and most valuable club in any sport, with an estimated value of around  £1.136billion. It has the highest average attendance than any other team in English football and receives a large amount of funds through sponsorships and agreements (merchandising). Nonetheless the Club requires to be cautious that they are not getting self-satisfied and that they are focusing on the market, and the requirements of their clients and followers. By implementing the research into their markets, it will allow them to build up products for the clients, which will bring about sustained support from the fans and success. References Dess G Miller A. (1998) Strategic Management, 3rd edition, McGraw Hill Johnson G Lynch R. (2003) Corporate Strategy, 3rd edition, FT/Prentice Hall Pettinger R (2004) Contemporary Strategic Management, Palgrave McMillan, Basingstoke Scholes K Whittington R. (2005,) Exploring Corporate Strategy: Text and Cases, 7th edition, FT/Prentice Hall Weeks, P. (2006), Managing People, Finance and Marketing, Pearson Education Limited, Essex http://www.cbc.ca/sports/story/2004/05/22/manchesterunited040522.html http://www.european-football-statistics.co.uk/attn/attneng.htm. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/34/soccer-values-09_Soccer-Team-Valuations_Rank.html. http://www.manutd.com http:// www.news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4463534.stm http://www.premierleague.com http://www.skysports.com/story/0,19528,11667_2972778,00.html Mintel reports Anglia Ruskin University Digital Library

Farewell To Arms Paper :: essays research papers

Hemmingway has a unique style of writing. It works on multiple levels. A person could read Farewell to Arms and enjoy it as a tragic love story. Hemmingway’s concise writing style allows a literal interpretation. At the same time a reader could get involved with the various symbols that he has placed in the novel. In a way everything he has can be used as a symbol depending on a person’s biases. This is what makes Hemmingway’s writing even more unique. He can have what seems to be a straightforward sentence have multiple meanings. The transcendentalist and romantic writing styles leave ideas vague so the reader can reflect on his/her own thoughts. Hemmingway is pragmatic in the sense that his writing can be read literally, but also romantic if you read his work more in depth. One symbol that Hemmingway seems to use constantly is night and the fear of darkness. Fredrick is afraid of the dark. What this seems to mean is that Fredrick is afraid to be in the unknown. This is the idea that males want to know what is around them. Fredrick is afraid of what he does not understand. This symbol is also seen in â€Å"A Way You’ll Never Be† where Hemmingway’s character Nick will not sleep without a light. When a person sleeps they are resting and it seems that Fredrick does not want to rest without â€Å"knowing†. If Nick were to have the light he would be able to see what was going on. This would allow Nick to â€Å"know† what is happening. Thus it could be seen that the symbol of the unknown and how the male characters want to â€Å"know† what is happening. Another analysis of this could be that Fredrick is afraid of the malicious things around him. This is the superficiality of the male. Basically in this sense the male w ants to live in his perfect little world and not worry about the complexities of life. This is the opposite of the fear of the â€Å"unknown† because in this sense the males do not want to know. Fredrick would then be scared of the evil around him. War is part of the â€Å"evil† around him because with war comes with real sadness. Frederick’s fear of darkness is really fear of those evil elements and the sadness around him. Fredrick is afraid of the sad reality. He wants to live in the simple superficial world he is in.

Disease in Bram Stoker’s Dracula

As science continues to illuminate the darkened corners of our world, another mythic tale–the drinking of blood by the ubiquitous Dracula–may have a basis in fact according to Wayne Tikkanen, a professor of chemistry at California State University, Los Angeles. â€Å"I am a trained scientist. I don't believe in vampires and werewolves,† Tikkanen told Anthony Breznican for an AP release on Halloween, 1998.Tikkanen speculates that some European monster myths were the product of a blood disease known as porphyria that causes the skin to weaken and be negatively affected by ultraviolet rays that change heme, a component of blood that carries oxygen to the brain, into a toxin. As the disease progresses, the skin blackens and ruptures in the sun, followed by hair growing in the scars. Lips are burned, causing them to peel back, thus making the teeth more prominent.In some cases the nose erodes and the fingers disintegrate, making the hands resemble paws. The disease af fects one in 100,000 people and is treatable with medication. Tikkanen thinks it is possible that those afflicted with the disease centuries ago may have drunk animal blood to relieve their pain as a folk remedy, and that they would have preferred to go out at night in order to avoid the sun, and that perhaps this behavior was co-opted into myths.â€Å"You may do this all the time, but people will only see you when the night is at its brightest–or in other words, a full moon,† Tikkanen said. Unfortunately, the result of such myth-making was that as many as 600 victims of this disease were considered to be monsters by the 16th-century European judge H. Bouget, who subsequently had them burned at the stake. â€Å"Just think: you're horribly disfigured but you're perfectly lucid,† Tikkanen said. â€Å"You don't know what's happening to you, and the doctor doesn't want to treat you even if he knew how.Your priest wants you to confess your sins or the judge will bur n you at the stake. But you don't know what you've done wrong. † Other elements of the Dracula myth often include garlic, which Tikkanen says causes victims of porphyria to suffer violent illness because of the creation of toxins in their blood. Fear of the cross also makes sense in this theory, because the cross represents the Church and thus the Inquisition, which would have instituted the torture and murder of the sufferers of porphyria.In the same vein, the superstitious Romanian society projected its fear of disease and deviancy onto Dracula, thus rising the well-liked folklore hypothesis that â€Å"a man or woman who has led a predominantly wicked existence will almost certainly become a vampire; it is his curse for the wicked deeds committed during the usual term of his life, as well as an entrance that a influential sin can not easily be put to rest† (Douglas, 39). This resembles the idea propagated by the religious right that AIDS is a visitation of heavenly pu nishment for sexual deviancy, i. e. , homosexuality.David Prindle in his book Risky Business â€Å"of all the diseases, the ones that are sexually transmitted seem to carry the heaviest burden of symbolic weight. Such diseases seem to bring our peoples anxieties about spiritual and physical pollution, their dread of being exposed as hypocritical sinners, their yearning to condemn those less righteous than themselves† (Prindle, 73). In Coppola's Dracula, Lucy, who is teasing, inquisitive, and immoral is punished for her â€Å"evil† behavior, her sexuality, by being seduced into the warren of Dracula and thus flattering a vampire herself.Once a vampire, Lucy takes a young child as her injured party, intimidating the guiltless child much in the same way that infants with AIDS often are fatalities of their mother's performance. Susan Sontag notes that these metaphors â€Å"are hardly in contradiction. Such is the extraordinary potency and efficacy of the plague metaphor: it allows a disease to be regarded both as something incurred by susceptible others and as potentially everyone's disease† (Sontag, 152). Bela Lugosi first gave Dracula filmic complexity in the 1931 Dracula. His moves were smooth and contemporary, steeped in gender and glamour.His affluent inflection gave the count the religion that awoke the sexuality of female audience members. Christopher Lee (1958) followed in Lugosi's steps and moved Dracula from sexual innuendoes to blatant sexuality. At one point in The Horror of Dracula, he bites a youthful woman's throat-not simply feasting, but apparently experiencing orgasm. Dracula had thus developed into a seduction fantasy, vitally disturbed with the circumstances and penalty of premarital or extramarital luxury in forbidden corporal relations, in this occurrence with the opposite sex.Gary Oldman takes Lee's erotic Dracula one step hither in Coppola's Brain Stoker’s Dracula. When Oldman attempts to nibble the neck of the i noffensive Mina at the Nickelodeon, the camera comes in on a taut attempt of his face as his eyes change color, his fangs are exposed and his corpse tremors with expectation. The transformation of Dracula to his present- day classification makes him the most sexual of all the creatures of the night.Dracula's sexual insinuation and blatant hunger for human blood make him the wonderful mythic vehicle to express American society's fear of the modern day plague of AIDS, since the HIV virus is transmitted through blood and semen. Coppola's Dracula visits his victims in the dead of night or in a dark milieu. He takes Lucy from her bed to connect her with both intercourse and feeding. These visits from the attractive creature who first exhausts the sleeper with fervent embraces and then withdraws her blood symbolically parallels the night-time emissions that convoy erotic dreams.Frank Jones points out in his book â€Å"On the Nightmare of Bloodsucking† : â€Å"In the unconscious mi nd blood is commonly an equivalent for semen† (Gottsman, 59). However, the sentence for these sexual interludes with the leech is the permanent alteration into vampirism; an illness that separates the afflicted from the rest of the society, one that insists on sucking the life out of other people. In this admiration the vampire enters the victim's blood stream, as does the HIV virus, to eventually exhaust the host of his/her life.Coppola cinematically reflects this correlation throughout the course of the film. Initially, Dracula renounces the church, and in doing so plunges his sword into the cross at the alter. Blood then flows from the cross, and Coppola cuts from a stone angel icon releasing tears of blood to a shot of Dracula satisfying a cup and consumption the blood. In this pre- recognition succession, the back illumination creates a striking similarity between Christ and Dracula (the shoulder length hair, smooth skin and ethereal glow).On his return home from war, Dra cula learns of the death of his wife. His stabbing of the cross is a phallic metaphor for intercourse with a virgin, whose loss of virginity is often marked by a loss of blood. The cathedral, infected and raped by war, denies the interment of Dracula's suicided bride. Dracula renounces the church by drinking the blood out of the chalice, declaring that: â€Å"Blood is the life and the life is mine. † Here he metaphorically takes on the position of the bug, gratifying the judge of life and death.David Prindle reinforces the vampire as a metaphor for the virus: â€Å"As a deadly threat, the disease was made to order for melodrama; as a potential sexual assassin, the HIV carrier could easily be portrayed as a demon. † (76). Coppola establishes a departure from innocence to evil by using peacock feathers, representative of innocence and vanity, as a transition between the â€Å"enlightened† world and the dark road to Transylvania as the young Jonathan Harker is sent to Transylvania to work for Dracula.Both virtue and pride are lost when Jonathan encounters a group of female vampires who seduce him throughout his first night in the castle. Coppola reinforces the anonymity of the participants by showing incorporeal footsteps appearing by the bed while the women appear from within his sheets and start to embrace and murmur to Jonathan. He does not resist and follows through in what could be termed a one night stand. The camera shows a head shot of one of the â€Å"vamps† whose hair is made out of snakes, referring to Medusa or the serpent From Genesis that caused the eviction of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden.References Babuscio, Jack. â€Å"Camp and the Gay Sensibility. † Gays and Film. Ed. Richard Dyer. New York: Zoetrope, Inc. , 1984. Broeske, Pat. â€Å"Hollywood Goes Batty for Vampires,† New York Times, April 26, 1993. Canby, Vincent, â€Å"Coppola's Dizzying Vision on Dracula,† New York Times, Nov 13, 1993. Douglas, Drake. Horrors! The awful truth about monsters; vampires, werewolves, zombies, phantoms. mummies and ghouls of literature and how tiny went Hollywood. New York: The Overlook Press, 1989.Gottesman, Ronald. Focus on the Horror Film. Trenton, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1972. Hogan, David. Dark Romance-Sexuality in the Horror Film. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. , 1986. Prindle. David. Risky Business. the Political Economy of HollywoodBoulder: Westview Press, 1993. Russo, Vito. The celluloid Closet: Homosexuality in the Movies. New York: Harper arid Row Publishers, 1990. Sontag, Susan. Illness as a Metaphor/AIDS and its Metaphors. New York: Doubleday, 1989.

Decimal Degrees Versus Minutes, Seconds

When you hear about metric measurements, usually you are bombarded with terms denoting length, height or volume, depending on your industry. Outside of formal schooling, you almost never hear about the geographical side of measurement — specifically, those ever-present invisible lines of latitude and longitude. This article will explore how some metrics are shown in geographical terms, who uses traditional Degrees/Minutes/Seconds, and what the future may hold.   A Brief History of U.S. Metrics Originating in France in the 1790s, the metric system (officially known as SI, short for Le Systeme International dUnites) grew in popularity due to increasing global commerce. Through trade with Europe, the U.S. awareness of metrics trickled into existence, eventually prompting Congress to permit its use in 1866. It was legal but voluntary. The first official legislation concerning metric conversion was passed by Congress in 1974, adding metrics to our elementary and secondary education curriculum. One year later (in 1975), Congress passed the Metric Conversion Act, declaring that the U.S. federal government should use metrics as its preferred measurement system, as evidenced by a box sitting in my cubicle whose labeling instructions tell of letters that must be 3.81cm (1.5 inches) high. The nutritional information on any package of food is also a good example, showing grams (instead of ounces) of fat, carbs, vitamins, etc. Ever since its beginnings, the U.S. government has striven to promote and stabilize metrication, with limited results: mostly those in the sciences, military, engineering, manufacturing and other technical fields use the metric system. The general public, however, continues to show comparatively overwhelming disinterest in adopting grams, litres, and meters over the traditional ounces, quarts, and feet. The United States is the only remaining industrialized country whose general population does not use metrics as its primary measurement system. Metrics and Geography Despite the average American laypersons apathy for metrics, those of us who use geographic coordinates on a daily basis see plenty of evidence that decimals are out in full force. On any given day Ill see a few handfuls of engineering site surveys (and sometimes other data) come across my desk, 98% of which have a decimal somewhere in the latitude or longitude. As technology has developed over the years, allowing more accurate measurements, the number of ways that we geography people get to read those coordinates has increased. The three most popular types of Lat/Lon displays are: Traditional degrees/minutes/seconds (D/M/S), usually with decimal secondsDegrees with decimal minutes, no secondsDecimal degrees, no minutes, no seconds Doing the Math No matter how you choose to display them, any converted coordinates will get you to the same point, basically — its simply a matter of preference. If you are one of those people who grew up learning only D/M/S like me, you might break into a cold sweat the first time you see the second or third decimal variations (bulleted above), if only from the memory of your high school algebra classes. But fear not, for there are a boatload of conversion programs and websites that will do the math for you. A majority of these sites convert between D/M/S and decimal degrees, leaving out the less popular but still available decimal minutes. There are other sites for those who dont mind/enjoy algebra, or who are naturally intrepid souls and simply wish to brave the longhand algebraic equations. If you are ready to break out the Texas Instruments calculator and go for it, you might try the Montana Natural Resource Information System, which shows conversion equation examples, but also has an automatic converter.   Finally Rubbing Off? Within the past few years, more and more Americans seem to be warming up to the concept and have begun using decimals in their everyday lives. Certainly, the growing number of metric labels on many foods, drinks, health care, cleaners and other various products are clear indicators that the average American consumer should probably start learning to accept decimal numbers. This goes for geography as well. GPS unit sales to the nonmilitary population are on the rise and most (if not all) GPS units display a location using decimals. One can expect hiking, boating, driving, or any other type of navigational information to be in this same format, no matter the scale, map projection, or elevation. As the rest of the world moves forward with metric standards, the United States government will most likely feel more pressure (especially from Europe) to go totally metric for global trading purposes. Once the population finally accepts that change is coming, decimal numbers will be even more abundant and it will filter down through every aspect of American industry. Dont Panic For those hikers, boaters, drivers, orienteering students, land surveyors and others who may be used to using only D/M/S, dont worry. The conversions are out there, and its easier than you think to get results from them. Latitude and longitude lines certainly arent going anywhere — well always have those to rely on - so for now, get ready and warm up that calculator! Len Morse earned a B.S. in Geography from Towson State University and has been with the FAA for approximately 14.61 years.